GLOSSARY

adulterine - (of castles) illegal.

alms, grant in - grant of land to a priest or religious community quit of all service.

appropriation - the permanent assignment of spiritualities to a religious community.

assarting - clearance of woodland for agriculture.

assized rents - a fixed rent.

bondage - tenure by the services of a villein.

book out - the creation of 'freehold' land in Anglo-Saxon England by the issue of a charter or book.

bordar - smallholder, waged labourer.

bovate - one eighth of a carucate.

capital messuage - a lord's house, the administrative centre of an estate.

caput - the adminsitrative centre of an honour or fee.

carucate - a notional measure of land, a ploughland, used for taxation purposes.

carucation - assessment of land for taxation in terms of carucates and bovates.

cell - a daughter house of a religious community.

curia - courtyard, manor house complex.

daywork - the obligation to work for one, two, or three days on the lord's demesne..

demesne - the lord's home farm or estates which a lord kept in his own hands.

drengage - a pre-Conquest ministerial tenement.

enfeoffment - the grant of a fee to a tenant in return for feudal service.

escheat - reversion of land to a feudal superior.

farmer - the holder of an estate who renders a fixed rent to its owner.

fee - an estate held in perpetuity for a feudal service.

fee farm - an estate held in perpetuity for a fixed rent.

forinsec service - service due to a lord outside of an estate.

honour - a group of estates held by a tenant-in-chief which rendered services to a single caput.

inland - land in demesne.

inquisition post mortem - an offical survey of the income and estates of a lord holding by feudal service.

knight's fee - a fee held for the service of a knight in the feudal army.

manorialisation - the imposition of a manorial economy on sokeland.

mesne tenant - intermediate tenant or subtenant.

ministerial tenement - an estate held for a personal service to a lord.

sergeancy - tenure in return for a personal service to a lord.

shire - a large estate made up of a number of vills, an early administrative unit, and subsequently a county.

spiritualities - sources of income, such as tithes and mortuary fees, which accrued to a priest or religious community in the prerformance of religious duties.

soke - jurisdiction, a liberty, or land within such a liberty.

sokeman - a tenant of land in soke who holds by the service of suit of court (qv), occasional labour dues, and sundry rents and tributes.

subenfeof - create a subtenancy in return for a service.

suit of court - the duty of attending a lord's court to do justice.

thane - pre-Conquest tenant, sometimes of high, sometimes of low status.

tenant-in-chief - a lord who held his lands directly from the king.

terrier - land survey or noisy dog.

twelve-carucate hundred - the Lincolnshire equivalent of the vill.

vill - a unit of local government akin to the modern civil parish.

villein - tenant who owed daywork and sundry other onerous services to his lord in return for his land.

wapentake - a subdivsion of a county peculiar to the Danelaw.